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Spain after the Congress of Vienna (The path to liberalism)

Ferdinand VII: an absolute monarch (1814-1833)

1) What happened when Ferdinand VII came back to Spain and what political regime did he install?

2) What happened during the period of 1820-23?

3) What happened with the Spanish colonies?

Isabella II (1833-1868). A liberal regime.

4) What happened in 1833 when Ferdinand VII died? (who inherited the crown and who was the regent?

5) Why did the Carlist war start?

6) When was Isabella declared of age, how old was she and why was she declared of age?

7) What two political parties do we have during this period and which one is the one that the queen preferred?

8) What were the main political problems of this period?

9) What important changes (political and economic) did we have during this period?

10) How did this period end?

The Six Revolutionary Years (1868-1874)

11) How many phases do we have in this third period, and what are their names?

12) What was the main aim of the Provisional Government?

13) What were the main problems that Amadeus had to face?

14) Was the First Republic a stable period, why?

15)What is the name of the last phase of the Six Revolutionary Years? Explain it a little bit.

16) How did the period of “Serrano Dictatorship” finish?

Spain after the Congress of Vienna (The path to liberalism)

Ferdinand VII: an absolute monarch (1814-1833)

1) What happened when Ferdinand VII came back to Spain and what political regime did he install?

When Ferdinand VII came back to Spain in 1814 he abolished the Constitution of 1812 and he installed absolutism. He also practiced a repressive policy against liberal ideas.

2) What happened during the period of 1820-23?

In 1820 General Riego started a rebellion and forced the king to accept the Constitution of 1812.

The European powers helped Ferdinand VII to regain power and install absolutism again.

3) What happened with the Spanish colonies?

During this period the American colonies started a process of rebellions, riots, nationalism and independence.

By 1821 we had lost all the colonies except Cuba, Puerto Rico, The Philippines and some islands in the Pacific.

The new countries will be based on liberal and nationalist ideas.

Isabella II (1833-1868)

4) What happened in 1833 when Ferdinand VII died? (who inherited the crown and who was the regent?

In 1833 when Ferdinand VII died Isabella II inheritied the Crown, but as she was 3 years old she couldn't rule the country. The country was ruled by her mother María Cristina, who was the regent of Spain.

5) Why did the Carlist war start?

The Carlist war started because don Carlos (brother of the king Ferdinand VII) affirmed that he should be the king because the Salic Law didn't allow women to be queens in Spain.

6) When was Isabella declared of age, how old was she and why was she declared of age?

Isabella was declared of age in 1843, when she was only 13 years old.

She was declared of age in order to finish with the regency of Espartero (who was a progressist) and so that the moderates could have access to power.

7) What two political parties do we have during this period and which one is the one that the queen preferred?

The two political parties were Moderates and Progressives and the queen Isabella II preferred the Moderates.

8) What were the main political problems of this period?

The main political problems of this period were the "pronunciamientos" and the constant chages in Constitutions. These two problems caused political instability.

9) What important changes (political and economic) did we have during this period?

Spain became a liberal state.

The feudal system was abolished

Industrialization and modernization of Spain started during this period.

10) How did this period end?

This period ended with a revolution and Isabella was forced to exile in 1868.

Six Revolutionary Years (1868-1874)

11) How many phases do we have in this third period, and what are their names?

We have 4 phases:

- The Provisional Government of Serrano

- The Constitutional Monarchy of Amadeus

- The First Republic

- The Centralized Republic of General Serrano

12) What was the main aim of the Provisional Government?

The main aim of the Provisional Government was to find new monarch and to create a Constitution.

13) What were the main problems that Amadeus had to face?

The main problems were:

- The assassination of his main supporter, General Prim.

- Lack of popular support.

- Lack of support from nobility and royalists.

- Lack of support from republicans, anarchists, moderates and some progressives.

- Third Carlist war.

- Separatism in Cuba.

- Several assassination attempts.

Eventually Amadeus abdicated in 1873.

14) Was the First Republic a stable period, why?

No, it wasn't because in one year there were four different presidents.

Also because the Republicans were divided, some wanted a federalist Republic (as in U.S.A.) and some wanted a centralist Republic (as in France). Some areas that preferred a federalist Republic declared their independence, such as "el Cantón de Cartagena".

Other problems were the Carlist war and the war of Cuba that were not solved yet.

15)What is the name of the last phase of the Six Revolutionary Years? Explain it a little bit.

The last period of the Six Revolutionary Years is called “The Republic of General Serrano” or “Serrano Dictatorship”. In January 1874 Serrano made a coup d'etat in order to establish a centralised Republic and to finish with the many problems that the Republic was having.

16) How did the period of “Serrano Dictatorship” finish?

It finished with a coup d'état. In December 1875 General Martínez de la Rosa made a coup d'état in favour of Alfonso XII.